Which statement about Vref is true in approach speed planning?

• A. Vref is identical to stall speed
• B. Vref is the maximum structural cruising speed
• C. Vref is the reference landing speed corresponding to the final approach configuration
• D. Vref is the minimum controllable speed with one engine inoperative

Answer: (C)

In approach speed planning, Vref is the reference landing speed corresponding to the final approach configuration. This means you’re targeting a speed that matches the airplane when it’s in the landing configuration with gear and flaps set for landing, reflecting the weight you’re carrying and any wind or gust considerations.

This speed is chosen to give you a stable, controllable approach with an appropriate margin above stall. It’s not the stall speed itself, and it’s not the maximum structural cruising speed or the minimum controllable speed with one engine inoperative. Those other speeds refer to different limits, whereas Vref specifically ties to the final approach configuration and is used to shape your descent path and energy management on approach.